It's surprising that there are no components for sound capturing in .NET Framework 3.5. Even designers of WPF and Silverlight 2.0 were focused on graphics so deeply, that they forgot about applications recording sound from user's microphone. It is said that the next version of Silverlight will provide such functionality.
However, what you often want to achieve is to store the recorded sound in MP3 file (or send it as MP3 stream). That's legally complicated due to MP3 patent constraints. And for the same legal reason, we can assume that we will not see MP3 functionality in Microsoft technologies soon (there is WMA instead).
This article uses a subset of C# MP3 Compressor libraries written by Idael Cardoso which in turn are partially based on A low level audio player in C# by Ianier Munoz. See this website for technical and copyright information regarding the LAME project.
In codeproject.com/KB/audio-video/Mp3SoundCapture.aspx you find an easy to use .NET 3.5 component, providing Sound Capturing functionality for a Windows application. It outputs data as raw PCM samples or a regular WAV file. Or you can just set one boolean property to use LAME DLL and perform MP3 compression on the fly.
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